De Beers
De Beers is a London and Johannesburg based diamond mining corporation. It has historically held a near total monopoly in the diamond trade. However, recently Israeli interests have captured 20% of the market. De Beers has been for many years under indictment in the United States for antitrust violations, to which it plans to plead guilty. [1] [1]
The De Beers cartel has used its monopoly to create an artificial scarcity of diamonds, thus keeping prices high. The modern tradition of diamonds as a part of engagement in many cultures has been largely created by De Beers through an effective advertising campaign, started in 1939. [1]
De Beers distributes diamonds to favored customers (called sightholders) by selecting batches of diamonds themselves and offering them as is. Following the distressing use of diamond revenues by African revolutionaries engaged in diamond smuggling (blood diamonds), De Beers now sells only diamonds mined from their own mines, most of which are in South Africa and Botswana. They are currently involved in a joint venture which is developing a diamond prospect in Canada.
History
De Beers was founded in 1888 by Cecil Rhodes. In the 20th century the major shareholders became the Oppenheimer family.
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