Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
The Colony of the Falkland Islands, also called Islas Malvinas, is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, claimed by Argentina. The capital is Port Stanley (Puerto Argentino).
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| Motto: Desire the right | |||||
| Official language | English | ||||
| Capital | Port Stanley (Puerto Argentino) | ||||
| Governor | Howard Pearce | ||||
| Chief Executive | Chris Simpkins | ||||
| Area - Total - % water | not ranked 12,173 km² - | ||||
| Population - Total (2003 E) - Density | not ranked 2,967 0.24/km² | ||||
| Currency | Falkland pound (FKP; fixed to GBP) | ||||
| Time zone | UTC -4 (DST -3) | ||||
| National anthem | God Save the Queen | ||||
| Internet TLD | .FK | ||||
| Calling Code | 500 | ||||
| Table of contents |
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2 Politics 3 Geography 4 Economy 5 Demographics 6 Culture 7 Miscellaneous topics 8 See also 9 External links |
Several claims have been made that numerous navigators have sighted the Falkland Islands for the first time but the Dutch sailor Sebald van Weert has been credited with the first sighting in 1600, though the British and Spanish maintain their own respective explorers discovered the islands earlier. They remained practically unsettled until the 19th century. Argentina set up a penal colony in the islands in 1820, and in 1829 named Luis Vernet as the islands' governor, in order to colonise them. The United Kingdom took the islands in 1833, but Argentina maintained its claim. Various tensions led to an Argentinian invasion in 1982. The island was later retaken by the UK. See: Falklands War.
Executive authority comes from the Queen and is exercised by the governor on her behalf. Defence is the responsibility of the UK. There is a constitution, which was put into force in 1985. Under the constitution, eight Legislative Councillors, five from Stanley and three from Camp, are elected every four years.
The Executive Council, which advises the governor, consists of the Chief Executive, Financial Secretary and three Legislative Councillors, which are elected by the other Legislative Councillors. The Legislative Council consists of Chief Executive, Financial Secretary and the eight Legislative Councillors. The Governor is ex officio the presiding officer or speaker of the Council.
The loss of the war against Britain over control of the islands led to the collapse of the Argentine military dictatorship in 1983. Disputes over control of the islands still continue. On the 22nd anniversary of the war, Argentina’s President Néstor Kirchner gave a speech insisting that the islands would once again be part of Argentina. In 2001, British Prime Minister, Tony Blair was the first to visit Argentina since the war. Kirchner, since becoming president in 2003, has made the islands a top priority. In June 2003 the issue was brought before a United Nation’s committee, and attempts have been made to open talks with Britain to resolve the issue of the islands. Falkland Islanders themselves continue to view themselves as British, despite Argentine claims.
The islands are 300 miles (483 km) from the South American mainland.There are two main islands, East Falkland (Soledad) and West Falkland (Gran Malvina) and 200 small islands. The total land area is 12,173 sq km.
The largest industries are fishing and agriculture. The islands have oil reserves that are believed to be quite substantial, but yet to be exploited
The population is 2,967 (July 2003 estimated).
History
Main article: History of the Falkland IslandsPolitics
Main article: Politics of the Falkland IslandsGeography
Main article: Geography of the Falkland IslandsEconomy
Main article: Economy of the Falkland IslandsDemographics
Main article: Demographics of the Falkland IslandsCulture
Main article: Culture of the Falkland IslandsMiscellaneous topics
See also
External links
| [ Edit { | Countries in South America | |
| Argentina | Bolivia | Brazil | Chile | Colombia | Ecuador | Guyana | Paraguay | Peru | Suriname | Uruguay | Venezuela | ||
| Dependencies: Falkland Islands | French Guiana | ||