List of Unix programs

This is a list of Unix programss. Some of these programs are standard utilities that will be found on any Unix or Unix-like operating system; indeed a system without such basic components as ls or sh could scarcely be described as truly Unix-like. Others are more special-purpose and may not be installed by default. Finally, some items on this list are simply separate applications which happen to have been written for Unix.

Many MS-DOS commands are similar to, or based on these commands. See List of DOS commands for more information.

Table of contents
1 Common utilities
2 Archivers and compression
3 Conversion
4 Cryptography
5 Database Clients
6 Database Servers
7 Desktops/Graphical User Interfaces
8 Desktop Publishing
9 Editors
10 Filesystem Utilities
11 Internet
12 Multimedia
13 Network Services
14 Network Utilities
15 Programming tools
16 Science
17 Security
18 Shells
19 System Management
20 Text Processing
21 Linux specific programs
22 See also

Common utilities

  • basename – Returns the final component of a path
  • batch
  • bc – Calculator program
  • cal – Displays a calendar
  • cat – Concatenate files to standard output
  • chroot – Change the system root directory for all child processes
  • cksum – Print the CRC checksum and bytecount of a file (see also MD5)
  • continue – Skip the current iteration of a loop
  • csplit – Split a file into sections determined by context lines
  • ctags – Generate tags file summarising location of objects in source files
  • cut – Remove sections from each line of a file or standard input
  • date – Print or set the system date and/or time
  • dc – the desktop calculator
  • dd – Disk Dump
  • dirname – Strip non–directory suffixes from a path
  • echo – Print to standard output
  • env – Show or change environment variables
  • expr – Evaluates the expresion given to it
  • fc
  • file – Determine the type of a file
  • find – Search for files through a directory hierarchy
  • fold – Wrap each input line to fit within the given width
  • fortune – Fortune cookie program that prints a random quote
  • gencat
  • getconf
  • getopts
  • hash
  • head – Output the first parts of a file
  • id – Print real/effective UIDs/GIDs
  • ipcrm – Remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory id
  • ipcs – Provide information on IPC facilities
  • join – Join lines of two files on a common field
  • less – Improved more–like text pager
  • locale – Get locale specific information
  • localedef – Compile locale definitions
  • logger – Make entries in the system log
  • logname – Print user's login name
  • mailx – Email sending utility
  • man – Manual browser
  • mesg – Control write access to your terminal
  • more – Pager
  • newgrp – Log in to a new group
  • nice – Alter priorities for processes
  • nl – Number the lines of a file
  • nohup – Run a command with immunity to hangups outputting to non–tty
  • od – Dump files in various formats, e.g. octal
  • passwd – User and group entries for daemons
  • paste – Merge lines of files
  • patch – Change files based on a patch file
  • pathchk – Check the validity/portability of filenames
  • ps – Report process status
  • read – Read from a channel
  • readonly
  • renice – Alter the priorities of an already running process
  • return – Return a value
  • sed – Stream EDitor
  • sh – The Bourne shell, the standard Unix shell
  • shift
  • sleep – Delay for specified time
  • sort – Sort lines of text files
  • split – Split a file into pieces
  • strings – Print strings of printable characters found in a file
  • strip – Discard symbols from object files
  • stty – Change and print terminal line settings
  • su – Start a new process (defaults to shell) as a different user (defaults to root)
  • talk – Talk to another logged–in user
  • tee – Read from standard input, write to standard output and files
  • test – Test an expression
  • time – Time a command
  • times
  • timex – time process shell execution, measure process data and system activity
  • tput – Initialize a terminal/query terminfo database
  • tsort – Perform a topological sort
  • tty – Print filename of terminal connected to standard input
  • type
  • uname – Print assorted system statistics
  • uncompress
  • unexpand
  • unget
  • unset
  • uptime – Print how long the system has been running
  • uudecode
  • uuencode
  • uustat
  • uux
  • wait
  • what
  • who – Show who is logged on
  • write – Send a message to another user
  • xargs – Build and execute command lines from standard output

Archivers and compression

  • ar – Maintain, modify, and extract from, archives
  • bzip2 – Block–sorting file compressor
  • compress Compress files
  • gzip – The gzip file compressor
  • pax – POSIX archive tool that handles multiple formats.
  • tar – Tape ARchiver, concatenates files
  • zcat

Conversion

  • iconv – Convert the encoding of the specified files
  • nkf – convert Japanese characters

Cryptography

  • gpg – GNU Privacy Guard, a complete and free replacement for PGP
  • openssl – Secure Sockets Layer and general crypto library
  • pinepgp – Filters which enable pine to use signed/encrypted email

Database Clients

  • Tora

Database Servers

Desktops/Graphical User Interfaces

Desktop Publishing

  • Groff
  • LaTeX – Popular macro package for TeX
  • lp – Print a file (on a line printer)
  • pr – Convert text files for printing
  • printf – Format and print data
  • Scribus
  • TeX – High–quality macro–based typesetting system

Editors

  • ed – Traditional Unix text editor
  • emacs – Powerful Lisp–based text editor and general computing environment
  • ex – Text editor, often a symbolic link to vi (or vim) which causes it to run in ex emulation mode
  • NEdit – The multi-purpose X Windows editor
  • nano – Clone of pico
  • pico – PIne's message COmposition editor
  • vi – Text editor
  • vim – Vi IMproved, vi clone with syntax highlighting and other ehancements
  • XEmacs – Popular version of emacs that is derived from GNU emacs

Filesystem Utilities

  • chgrp – Change the group of a file or directory
  • chmod – Change the permissions of a file or directory
  • chown – Change the owner of a file or directory
  • cp – Copy a file or directory to another location
  • df – Report disk space
  • du – Calculate used disk space
  • fsck – File System ChecK
  • ln – Link one file/directory to another
  • ls – List directory conents
  • mkdir – Make a directory
  • mkfifo – Make a named pipe
  • mount
  • mv – Move/rename a file or directory
  • pwd – Print the current working directory
  • rm – Delete a file or directory
  • rmdel
  • rmdir – Delete a directory
  • touch – Create a new file or update its modification time
  • unlink

Internet

  • anubis – Outgoing mail processor
  • curl – Command line tool for transferring files with URL syntax
  • dillo – Extremely light–weight web browser
  • galeon – Light–weight GNOME web browser
  • konqueror – KDE web browser
  • links – Console based web browser
  • elinks – Enhanced links
  • lynx – Console based web browser
  • mozilla – Graphical cross platform web browser
  • mozilla firefox – Technology preview from mozilla
  • opera (browser) – Web browser and e-mail client
  • uucp – Unix to Unix CoPy
  • uw–imapd–ssl; – Remote mail folder access server
  • vtun – Virtual Tunnel over TCP/IP
  • w3m – Pager/text–based WWW browser
  • wget – Automatic web site retreiver
  • yafc – Enhanced ftp client, supporting ssh2 (sftp)
  • zssh – Program for transferring files using SSH

Multimedia

  • Audacity – Sound recording and editing program
  • GIMP – Powerful image manipulation package
  • GStreamer – Plugin–based multimedia framework
  • ImageMagick – Image conversion library
  • mpg123 – MP3 player
  • MPlayer – Movie player
  • sox – sound conversion tool
  • transcode – Flexible command–line media encoding tool
  • xine – Video Player
  • xmms – Winamp like multimedia player

Network Services

Network Utilities

Programming tools

  • cc – C Compiler
  • c99
  • DistCC – Tool for distributing compiles across multiple machines
  • false – Return a value that evaluates as false
  • fort77 – Fortran 77 compiler
  • gcc – GNU Compiler Collection
  • lex – Lexical scanner generator
  • m4 – Macro language
  • make – Automate builds.
  • nm – List symbols from object files
  • true – Return a value that evaluates as true
  • yacc – Parser generator

Science

  • maxima – Symbol manipulation program
  • units – Unit conversion program

Security

Shells

  • bash – Bourne Again SHell, standard shell on linux systems
  • csh – C shell
  • ksh – Korn shell, standard shell on most proprietary Unix systems
  • tcsh – TENEX C shell, standard shell on BSD systems
  • zsh – Z shell

System Management

Text Processing

  • awk – A pattern scanning and processing language
  • cmp – Compare two files byte for byte
  • comm – Sort two files and compare them line for line
  • diff – Compare two files line by line
  • expand – Convert tabs <–> spaces
  • grep – Print lines matching a pattern
  • tail – Output the tail end of files
  • tr – Translate characters
  • uniq
  • wc – Word/line/byte count

Linux specific programs

See also


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